Changes in iodine status among US adults, 2001–2012

Urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in the US have been reported to be stable since 1988–1994, although those in selected subgroups remained low. We aimed to investigate iodine status among adults (≥20 years) by two different criteria of assessing iodine deficiency in population. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001–2012, we conducted linear logistic regressions adjusting for covariates. The prevalence of <50?μg/L UIC was higher in women than in men; increased from 11.6% (2001–2004) to 13.2% (2009–2012) at the national level and in young adults, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-users of iodine-containing supplements (all, p?<0.05); the adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) in young adults (1.54 [1.11–2.15], p =?0.0007) and NHBs (1.70 [1.15–2.52], p =?0.0078). Median UICs confirm women and NHBs being in borderline iodine status. Recognizing the critical consequence of iodine deficiency particularly in women and NHBs, regular monitoring of iodine status is important for public health in the US.     

Dietary intake and micronutrient deficiency in children with cancer

Data regarding micronutrient deficiencies in children with cancer are lacking. We measured micronutrients in a subset of children with cancer (n = 23) participating in a randomized trial of the neutropenic diet. Ninety‐six percent of children had ≥1 micronutrient deficiency and 39% had ≥3 micronutrient deficiencies. Eighty‐six percent of children had vitamin C deficiency, 87% had 25‐hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, 50% had zinc deficiency, and 13% had vitamin A deficiency. Dietary intake did not correlate with micronutrient deficiency status. More data are needed regarding the prevalence and etiology of micronutrient deficiencies in children with cancer to further understand their implications and treatment.     

Suckling in litters with different sizes,and early and late swimming exercise differentially modulates anxiety-like behavior,memory and electrocorticogram potentiation after spreading depression in rats

Objective: Analyze the hypothesis that swimming exercise, in rats suckled under distinct litter sizes, alters behavioral parameters suggestive of anxiety and recognition memory, and the electrocorticogram potentiation that occurs after the excitability-related phenomenon that is known as cortical spreading depression (CSD).

Methods: Male Wistar rats were suckled in litters with six or 12 pups (L₆ and L₁₂ groups). Animals swam at postnatal days (P) 8–23, or P60–P75 (early-exercised or late-exercised groups, respectively), or remained no-exercised. Behavioral tests (open field – OF and object recognition – OR) were conducted between P77 and P80. Between P90 and P120, ECoG was recorded for 2 hours. After this ‘baseline’ recording, CSD was elicited every 30 minutes over the course of 2 hours.

Results: Early swimming enhanced the number of entries and the percentage of time in the OF-center (P?<?0.05). In animals that swam later, this effect occurred in the L6 group only. Compared to the corresponding sedentary groups, OR-test showed a better memory in the L6 early exercised rats, and a worse memory in all other groups (P?<?0.05). In comparison to baseline values, ECoG amplitudes after CSD increased 14–43% for all groups (P?<?0.05). In the L₆ condition, early swimming and late swimming, respectively, reduced and enhanced the magnitude of the post-CSD ECoG potentiation in comparison with the corresponding L₆ no-exercised groups (P?<?0.05).

Discussion: Our data suggest a differential effect of early- and late-exercise on the behavioral and electrophysiological parameters, suggesting an interaction between the age of exercise and the nutritional status during lactation.     

Topical tacrolimus therapy in the management of lower extremity ulcers due to prolidase deficiency

Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cutaneous ulcers, facial dysmorphism, recurrent infections, and intellectual disability. We report a unique case of a 6‐year‐old boy with prolidase deficiency and Crohn's disease who presented with lower extremity ulcers. Cutaneous ulcers due to prolidase deficiency are historically resistant to treatment, and we report success with the novel use of topical tacrolimus.     

玻璃体内注射联合全身应用更昔洛韦治疗AIDS合并巨细胞病毒视网膜炎的临床疗效

目的　观察玻璃体内注射联合全身应用更昔洛韦治疗AIDS合并巨细胞病毒视网膜炎（cytomegalovirus retinitis,CMVR）的临床疗效。方法　收集2016年1月至2018年1月在广西医科大学第一附属医院收治的AIDS合并CMVR患者7例13眼。患者全身用药为更昔洛韦和膦甲酸钠注射液，更昔洛韦 5.0～7.5 mg·kg^-1，每天2次静脉滴注；成人每次给予膦甲酸钠3 g，每天3次静脉滴注；同时在局部玻璃体内注射更昔洛韦。治疗前后对比的指标有:最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼底照相情况、视觉诱发电位、眼电图和视网膜电图等检查；检测指标包括CD4+T细胞计数，血液、前房水、玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量等。通过检查结果辅助判断治疗效果。结果　6例患者治疗后最佳矫正视力为（0.72±0.83）logMAR，较治疗前（1.14±0.83）logMAR提高（P=0.001），其中1例患者经过全身和局部抗病毒治疗后视力不提高。患者治疗前后眼压均在正常范围内，治疗前为（13.62±3.04）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg），治疗后为（12.77±2.89）mmHg，差异无统计学意义（P=0.119）。注药后患者眼底病变范围逐渐变小（P<0.05）。治疗1个月后，患者视觉诱发电位N2-P2振幅及眼电图光峰电位较治疗前升高（均为P<0.05），视觉诱发电位P2潜伏期和视网膜电图（明适应）a波及b波潜伏期和振幅治疗前后差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。3例患者治疗前血液中CMV-DNA病毒载量检测为阴性，1例患者2眼经过治疗后眼内液中CMV-DNA病毒载量检测为阴性。治疗前玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量均明显高于前房水，而前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量又明显高于血液（均为P<0.05），说明三个部位的CMV-DNA病毒载量从高到低的排列顺序为玻璃体>前房水>血液。治疗后玻璃体、前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量均低于治疗前，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。治疗前后血液CMV-DNA病毒载量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前后CD4+T 细胞计数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗前CD4+T细胞计数与眼内液、血液CMV-DNA病毒载量均呈负相关关系（均为P<0.05）；治疗过程中，CD4+T细胞计数与眼内液CMV-DNA病毒载量无相关关系（均为P>0.05），与血液CMV-DNA病毒载量呈负相关关系（P<0.05），但两者之间不存在直线回归关系（P>0.05）。治疗前及治疗过程中玻璃体CMV-DNA病毒载量与前房水CMV-DNA病毒载量均存在正相关关系（回归方程分别为:Y=20 178.973+0.165X，Y=171 849.77+0.168X，均为P<0.05）。所有患者术中和术后均未出现严重并发症。结论　静脉滴注抗病毒药物联合玻璃体内注射小剂量更昔洛韦是治疗AIDS合并CMVR安全有效的治疗方法。